Transformation of Sentences Rules: Complex to Compound

Complex to Compound & vice-versa: Transformation of Sentences Rules

 Rule—1: Rule-1: Complex Sentence with—–Though/Although/Albeit/Even if/Even though—is changed into Compound——–dropping out——though/although/albeit/even if/even though+ that clause + but/yet/still + the other clause.[ In case of —Yet/Still –no change]

• Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
• Compound: He is poor but honest/He is poor yet/still he is honest.
• Complex: Although he had a lot of money, he could not buy a car.
• Compound: He had a lot of money but/yet/still he could not buy a car.
• Complex: Even if they tried heart and soul, they could not succeed in life.
• Compound: They tried heart and soul but/yet/still they could not succeed in life.
• Complex: They failed in life though they tried sincerely.
• Compound: They tried sincerely but failed in life.
• Complex: Albeit he stood first in the written test, he did not get the job.
• Compound: He stood first in the written test but did not get the job.
• Complex: Poor though he is, he is invited to the party.
• Compound: He is very poor yet/still he is invited to the party.
• Complex: Happy as/though I am, I shall attend the party.
• Compound:  I am extremely/very happy yet/still/and I shall attend the party.

  Rule–2: Complex Sentence with——–if/whether/provided that/providing that——–is changed into Compound—- by—–and+ the rest part/clause+ the other part/clause.[ Drop the subject when 2^nd person You/Ye, but keep the subjects being the 1^st & 3^rd persons and add—should– after the 1^st & 3^rd persons]

• Complex: If you move, you will die.
• Compound: Move and you will die.
• Complex: If he reads well, he will get a GPA of 5 on the exam.
• Compound: He should read well and he will get a GPA 5 on the exam.
• Complex: I shall help you, provided that you come.
• Compound: Come and I shall help you.
• Complex: If you read well, you will pass the exam.
• Compound: Read well and you will pass the exam.

 Rule—3: Complex sentence with—Lest—is changed into Compound in the following way—

 The 1^st clause/part before Lest remains unchanged + [from Lest to should/might] is dropped out + or/otherwise+ subject +shall/will/would + Verb- +the rest part.

• Complex: Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
• Compound: Walk fast, or/otherwise you will miss the train.
• Complex: Hurry up lest you might get late.
• Compound: Hurry up, or/otherwise, you will get late.
• Complex: He ran fast lest he should miss the bus.
• Compound: He ran fast, or he would miss the bus.[past tense]

 Rule—4: Complex Sentence with—-  As soon as—is changed into Compound by—dropping out—[as soon as] +the 1^st Clause +and at once/and immediately + the other part.

• Complex: As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
• Compound: The thief saw the police and at once he ran away.
• Complex: As soon as we reached the station, the train left.
•  Compound: We reached the station and immediately the train left.
• Complex: As soon as the police got the order, they moved ahead.
• Compound: The police got the order, and at once, they moved ahead. 

 Rule—5: Complex Sentence with——If not/Unless——is changed into Compound by—-Main verb+ the rest part/clause +or/otherwise+ the other clause.[ Drop out the subject– if it is 2^nd person You, but if the subject is 1^st/3^rd person, keep it and use——should for the 1^st conditional, but should have +past participle— for the 2^nd and 3^rd conditionals]

• Complex: If you do not read well, you will fail the exam.
• Compound: Read well, or/otherwise, you will fail the exam.
• Complex: Unless he listens to his teachers, he will not shine in life.
• Compound: He should listen to his teachers, or/otherwise, he will not shine in life.
• Complex: Unless you move, you will face an accident.
• Compound: Move or/otherwise you will face an accident.
• Complex: Unless they attend classes regularly, they cannot learn a lot.
• Compound: They should attend the classes regularly, or/otherwise they cannot learn a lot.
• Complex: If you do not read well, you will not pass the exam.
• Compound: Read well or/otherwise you will not pass the exam.
• Complex: Unless they played well, they could not get the trophy.
• Compound: They should have played well or they could not get the trophy.
• Complex: If she had not practiced much, she might not have understood well.
• Compound: She should have practiced much otherwise/or she might not have understood well.
• Complex: If he had not studied seriously, he would not have passed the exam.
• Compound: He should have studied seriously, or he would not have passed the exam.
• Complex: Unless he had helped me in time, I might have failed.
• Compound: He should have helped me in time, or/otherwise I might have failed.

 Rule—6: Complex Sentence with——So that/in order that —— is changed into Compound in the following way.

  The 1^st clause before —-so that/ in order that    + and   + main verb+ the other clause.

 Note: Drop out—so that/ in order that.

• Complex: Students study hard so that they can pass the exam.
• Compound: Students study hard, and they can pass the exam.
• Complex: We eat in order that we can live.
• Compound: We eat and can live.
• Complex: They worked hard so that they might shine in life.
• Compound: They worked hard and might shine in life.

 Rule—7: Complex Sentence with [so …….that] is changed into Compound by—-[very……and] + the modal Verb to the rest part/clause. [ drop out: so—that]

• Complex: The boy is so dull that he cannot understand a simple matter.
• Compound: The boy is very dull and cannot understand a simple matter.
• Complex: He is so stupid that he cannot explain the lesson.
• Compound: He is very stupid and cannot explain the lesson.
• Complex: The old man is so weak that he cannot move an inch.
• Compound: The old man is very weak and cannot move an inch.
• Complex: The load was so heavy that I could not carry it.
• Compound: The load was very heavy and so, I could not carry it.

 Rule—8: Complex with—–since/as/because———denoting— cause and effect—- is changed into Compound by dropping out—Since/as/because——–The 1^st clause +and so/and therefore/and that is why/and hence+ the other clause.

• Complex: Since he was ill, he could not go to college.
•  Compound: He was ill and so, he could not go to college.
• Complex: As he had a lot of money, he could buy a car.
• Compound: He had a lot of money, and therefore, he could buy a car.
• Complex: They could not win the match because they could not play well.
• Compound: They could not play well and that is why they could not win the match.

[ Illative-conjunctions]

 Rule—9: Complex with—–since/as/because/when———denoting— different subjects—- is changed into Compound by——-dropping them——: The 1^st clause +and  + the other clause.

• Complex: As the weather was foul, they did not go out.
• Compound: The weather was foul, and they did not go out.
• Complex: When the meeting was over, they left the place.
• Compound: The meeting was over, and they left the place.
• Complex: When the sun had risen, the fog disappeared.
• Compound: The sun had risen, and the fog disappeared.
• Complex: Since they were disobedient, the teacher beat them.
• Compound: They were disobedient, and the teacher beat them.

 Rule—10: Complex with—–since/as/because/when———denoting— the same subject in both the clauses and having principal verbs—- is changed into Compound dropping out—since/as/because/when: The 1^st clause +and +the other clause.[ Subject being the same, the 2^nd subject is not necessary]

• Complex: Since the old sailor killed the albatross, he brought bad luck to the crew.
• Compound: The old sailor killed the albatross and brought bad luck to the crew.
• Complex: As he finished the work in time, he went to bed.
• Compound:  He finished the work in time and went to bed.
• Complex: When he closed the door, he went out.
• Compound: He closed the door and went out.
• Complex: As they saw the thief, they informed the police.
• Compound: They saw the thief and informed the police.
• Complex: When they had reached the station, they got on the train in time.
• Compound: They had reached the station and got on the train in time.

 Rule—11: Complex sentence with—- a relative pronoun [[ who, which, that]]—- denoting the same person/ thing———-is changed into Compound by —-and.[ The 1^st clause + and + the 2^nd clause]

• Complex: Mr. Asad, who is Principal of the BBN College is a simple man.
• Compound: Mr. Asad is Principal of the BBN College and he is a simple man.
• Complex: Mr.Mahabub who is a Barrister at law, practices at the Supreme Court.
• Compound: Mr. Mahbub is a Barrister at law and he practices at the Supreme Court.

 Rule-12: Complex sentence with—- a relative pronoun [[ who, which, that, what, as]]——-is changed into Compound by —dropping out—-who/which/what/that/as: The 1^st clause + and + the other part/clause.

• Complex: The writer lived in a cabin that/which belonged to the orphanage.
• Compound: The writer lived in a cabin and it belonged to the orphanage.
• Complex: A solar pond that absorbs heat can cook our food.
• Compound: A solar pond absorbs heat and can cook our food.
• Complex: He shot the bird that was flying.
• Compound: He shot the bird and it was flying.

 Rule-13: Complex sentence with—When/while–indicating time/day/date/month/season/year/age—–is changed into Compound by———The 1^st Clause  + and +the 2^nd Clause.

• Complex: When I was reading, it was raining.
• Compound: I was reading and it was raining.
• Complex: When it was summer, we went to our village.
• Compound: It was summer and we went to our village.
• Complex: When he was 30 years old, he got married.
• Compound: He was 30 years old and got married.
• Complex: When it is the rainy season, our low-lying lands go underwater.
• Compound: It is the rainy season and our low-lying lands go underwater.
• Complex: When it is the 16^th of December, we observe our victory day.
• Compound: It is the 16^th of December and we observe our victory day.

 Rule-14: Complex sentence with—–as if/as though——–is to be changed into Compound by—— keeping the 1^st clause unchanged—–+ and like/ and really /and really pretending/pretended + the other part.

• Complex: He talks as if he were mad.
• Compound: He talks and he is like mad.
• Complex: He talks as though he is mad.
• Compound: He talks and really he is mad.
• Complex: He talked as if he had known everything.
• Compound: He talked and he pretended having known everything.

Note: As if/ as though being used in the sentence as conjunctions, the 1^st Clause being in the Present Indefinite, the next clause must be in the Past Indefinite. But some modern Grammarians say that both the Clauses can be in the Present tense.  And hence, the meaning differs.

Let us take examples: He talks as if he knows everything. (really he knows) .He talks as if he knew everything.( he pretends of knowing but he does not). He talks as though he were mad.( pretends madness but not) He talks as if he is mad.( really mad).[ Reference: Michael Swan & some other Oxford Authors]

Please vide: to the next post Clauses and Phrases.